Recent advances in hydrogen production technologies: environmental and economic perspectives

Abstract Recently, hydrogen has emerged as an extremely versatile energy source and an important component of the global decarbonization drive. Green hydrogen, produced by electrolysis of renewable resources, is gaining popularity due to its significant impact on reducing Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) emissions. The review paper aims to provide an overview of current advancements, challenges, and future potential in hydrogen generation, storage, and transportation technologies, with a focus on the most promising and innovative approaches investigated. This article offers a comprehensive overview a variety researches on hydrogen production systems, focuses on advancements in storage and transportation technologies. The efficiency, cost, and environmental effect of conventional and renewable hydrogen generation techniques such as biomass gasification, PhotoCatalysis (PC), and water electrolysis have been compared for various studies. Furthermore, different control strategies studies for enhancing the reliability and productivity of hydrogen based solar systems have been examined. The energy density and adaptability of various storage researches technologies such as metal hydrides, liquid hydrogen, compressed gas, and Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHCs) are discussed. This article provides a summary comparison of the recent research on hydrogen technologies. The article concentrates on reviewing numerous strategies for each stage of hydrogen lifecycle. In addition, industrial operations, transportation, and integration with microgrids and smart grids in general for different techniques is covered. Future research developments and trends are also discussed.