Insights into host responses, viral evolution, and implications for vaccines and therapeutics for Mpox

Insights into the immunology and pathogenesis including data from contemporary outbreaks, highlight emerging priorities for research and preparedness for fighting the disease. This also emphasizes the importance of understanding the unique features of Mpox in HIV co-infected individuals who have disproportionate burden of severe infections and the need vaccine and therapeutic optimization especially for immunocompromised patients.