Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Post-stroke Motor Recovery: A Narrative Review

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used as an additional treatment for stroke recovery. Stroke is a major cause of disability in the UK, often leaving survivors with ongoing motor problems. There are different theories on motor recovery after stroke, with some suggesting that undamaged pathways in the brain help compensate for the damage, while others propose that the healthy side of the brain takes over the lost functions. Additionally, there is a model suggesting that the brain's hemispheres compete, with the healthy side inhibiting the affected side. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) uses electromagnetic pulses to stimulate specific areas of the brain, aiming to enhance new pathways and improve patients' ability to move. Studies have shown that rTMS can be effective and safe in stroke rehabilitation, leading to better motor performance. Integrating rTMS into standard stroke rehabilitation programs could have significant benefits; however, more research is needed to determine the best treatment parameters and identify which patients could benefit the most. It is also important to combine rTMS with other therapies, such as physical and occupational therapy, for a comprehensive approach. This review highlights the potential of rTMS as an additional treatment for stroke recovery. By stimulating the brain, rTMS may help improve motor function and enhance rehabilitation outcomes. Further studies are necessary to optimize its use and determine its effectiveness in different stroke patient groups.