Models of Social Work in Europe: Innovations in Working with Various Categories of Vulnerable Populations: A Narrative Review

The purpose of this study is to examine social services based on innovative practices across different European countries, tailored to the specific needs of vulnerable population groups. The methodology includes a comparative analysis of existing social work practices and an assessment of the needs of various categories of vulnerable groups. The study identifies key categories of vulnerable populations, including individuals with disabilities and the unemployed. The findings demonstrate that innovative practices, such as the use of digital technologies, mobile social services, and integrated programmes, can enhance the accessibility and quality of social services. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that adapting social services to the specific needs of vulnerable groups is crucial for service effectiveness. In particular, special attention should be given to individualising approaches to assistance provision, ensuring better support and engagement of vulnerable individuals in social integration. Based on these findings, recommendations are formulated for social services that aim to improve the social protection system through innovative practices that align with the needs of society. The study highlights the importance of social innovation in improving the quality of life for vulnerable groups. The proposals include fostering partnerships between public and private institutions to provide more flexible and tailored services, considering the specific characteristics of each population category.