ORIGIN AND PREVENTION OF ONYCHOMYCOSIS: CLINICAL-PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PROPHYLAXIS APPROACHES

This article systematically analyzes the origin, development mechanisms and prevention of onychomycosis based on modern scientific sources. The study sheds light on the main etiological factors leading to fungal damage to the nail plate, in particular, the biological properties of dermatophytes, yeast-like and non-dermatophyte molds. The interrelationship of the physiological state of the nail tissue, local blood circulation, immune system activity and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of onychomycosis is shown. The article also analyzed the risk factors contributing to the development of the disease: old age, diabetes, immunodeficiency, poor hygiene, and prolonged use of closed shoes. Special attention was paid to prevention issues, and the importance of personal hygiene, shoe and nail care, the use of local antifungal agents, control of chronic diseases, and a healthy lifestyle were scientifically explained. The results of the systematic review show that a comprehensive approach to the prevention of onychomycosis, combining medical, hygienic, and preventive measures, is of great importance in reducing the spread of the disease and reducing the risk of relapse. This article is of scientific and practical importance for dermatologists, preventive medicine, and general practitioners.