Numerical Analysis of Deformation Behavior in the Double-Layer Flexible Photovoltaic Support Structure

Flexible photovoltaic (PV) support systems, referring to cable-supported structural systems that carry conventional rigid PV modules rather than flexible thin-film modules, have attracted increasing attention as a promising solution for photovoltaic construction in complex terrains due to their advantages of broad-span design and simplified installation. However, the deformation behavior of flexible PV supports remains insufficiently understood, which restricts its application and engineering optimization. To address this issue, a three-dimensional finite element model of a flexible PV support system was developed using an in-house Python code to investigate its deformation characteristics. The model discretizes the structure into beam and cable elements according to their mechanical properties, and the coupling relationship between their degrees of freedom is established by means of a multi-point constraint. The validation of the proposed model is confirmed by comparison with theoretical solutions. Simulation results reveal that the deformation of flexible PV supports is more sensitive to horizontal loads, indicating that their overall deformation performance is primarily governed by lateral rather than vertical loading. Furthermore, dynamic analyses show that higher loading frequencies induce noticeable torsional de-formation of the structure, which may compromise the stability of the PV panels. These findings provide valuable theoretical guidance for the design and optimization of flexible PV support systems deployed in complex terrains.