A Review of Autonomous Mining Trucks by Leading Global Manufacturers

This study reviews the concept of the Autonomous Haulage System (AHS) and analyzes the industrial trends in autonomous mining trucks developed by leading global manufacturers.Mine automation can be categorized into three levels: remote control, teleoperation, and autonomous driving, among which autonomous driving technology has been the most widely adopted.The core functions of autonomous mining trucks include path and trajectory planning, perception, and object detection, all of which rely on common sensor technologies such as LiDAR, RADAR, and GPS.Each manufacturer has developed its own proprietary system by advancing autonomous driving and control technologies, and these systems are being continuously deployed at actual mining sites, accelerating the automation and unmanned operation of mines.These technological advancements are expected to contribute to the sustainable development of mining by improving productivity, enhancing safety, and increasing energy efficiency.