Research on Low-Carbon Reconstruction of Community Public Space from the Perspective of Spatial Justice: A Space Syntax Empirical Study of Beijing’s Baiwanzhuang Community

In the context of urban stock renewal, coordinating spatial fairness with low-carbon goals remains a critical challenge. Existing planning often leads to spaces that are “nominally compliant but functionally ineffective,” failing to support low-carbon behaviors. To address this, this study adopts a spatial justice framework coupled with space syntax technology to empirically analyze the structural defects of the Beijing Baiwanzhuang Community and their constraints on low-carbon behaviors. We utilized a “Moving Snapshot Observation” method to collect behavioral data and constructed a quantitative regression model to identify the key drivers of elderly gathering (a proxy for low-carbon behavior). The results reveal “significant spatial differentiation and accessibility fractures” within the physical space, where structural imbalances lead to systematic spatial deprivation. Specifically, the multivariate regression analysis (R2 = 0.50) indicates that low-carbon behaviors are significantly associated with a “dual-core mechanism”: community-scale spatial integration (NAIN 3600 m) and the density of seating within a short radius (100–200 m). A key finding indicates that the driving role of spatial network accessibility is significantly stronger than facility abundance alone. Based on this, a “Space-Facility-Governance” collaborative reconstruction paradigm is proposed, including using green infrastructure to stitch spatial fractures, precisely configuring low-carbon facilities at high-integration nodes, and establishing inclusive governance mechanisms. This research breaks through the limitation of traditional spatial justice studies that focus on qualitative critique, constructing a “physical spatial structure–low-carbon behavior” quantitative attribution model. It empirically validates that “accessibility justice” is a prerequisite for achieving community low-carbon transitions, providing a quantitative renewal paradigm that balances equity and efficiency for existing communities.