Design and Research on an Active Contract Signing Mechanism for Demand Response in Community Electric Vehicle Orderly Charging Considering User Satisfaction

To address grid security issues such as load fluctuation and transformer overloading caused by increasing community EV charging demand, this study proposes two active demand response mechanisms to encourage users to voluntarily participate in orderly charging: a single-signup mechanism and a hybrid mechanism integrating signing willingness with user satisfaction. A hierarchical user satisfaction model is developed, integrating incentive perception and dispatch satisfaction, to characterize nonlinear user responses under varying incentive and dispatch levels. A genetic algorithm is then applied to determine the optimal contract portfolio that maximizes community-wide satisfaction. Simulation results show that the hybrid mechanism achieves the highest average satisfaction (0.8788), significantly outperforming both the single-signup and traditional passive schemes, effectively enhancing user participation and grid flexibility. This study provides a new theoretical framework and optimization pathway for mechanism innovation in orderly electric vehicle charging under centralized construction and unified operation scenarios in residential communities and offers valuable insights for the coordinated development of vehicle–grid interaction and demand-side management models in community-based new power systems.