Guardians of heritage: women’s position in traditional seed systems and agroecology in Zimbabwe

Abstract Background Agroecology integrates ecological agricultural production with community self-reliance, deeply rooted in indigenous knowledge. This study investigates how and why women in Zimbabwe contribute to seed preservation in agroecology, and what challenges they face in sustaining traditional seed systems. Using a qualitative approach combining focus group discussions, semi-structured interviews, and participant observation, I examine women’s contributions to seed saving, preservation, and exchange, practices vital for sustainable food production and agricultural heritage. Results The findings reveal four major themes: the cultural significance of seeds; women farmers’ specific roles in seed systems; challenges in traditional seed preservation; and implications for food sovereignty and nutrition security. Women safeguarded drought-tolerant crops such as millet, sorghum, and rapoko, which ensured household food availability during climate shocks and ‘hunger periods.’ Their seed work sustained dietary diversity and nutrition security through protein-rich legumes, nutrient-dense small grains, and multipurpose crops like pumpkins. By blending traditional seeds with selected hybrids, farmers reduced dependency on purchased seed, improved climate resilience, and maintained culturally significant varieties. Seed sovereignty, expressed through these practices, was directly linked to greater household autonomy over planting decisions, reduced vulnerability to market fluctuations, and strengthened local food systems. Conclusions Recognising and empowering women in agroecology is crucial for promoting equitable and sustainable food systems. The study shows that women’s seed stewardship contributes directly to household food security, nutrition, and sovereignty, while sustaining cultural identity, intergenerational knowledge, and biodiversity. Supporting women’s roles in traditional seed systems is essential for addressing contemporary and future challenges in sustainable agriculture.