Triplet Energy Transfer‐Driven Intermolecular [2+2] Photocycloaddition of Acyclic Imines and Indoles: Facile Access to Azetidine‐Fused Indolines

Currently, successful examples of the aza-[2+2] photocycloaddition (aza-Paternò-Büchi reaction) of indoles primarily rely on intramolecular variants or cyclic imine equivalents. To unlock the full synthetic potential of aza Paternò-Büchi reaction in indoles, it is essential to extend the reaction to acyclic imine. Here, an intermolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition of indoles with acyclic imines has been developed, enabling visible light-mediated aza-Paternò-Büchi reaction by triplet energy transfer. A range of azetidine-fused indolines are successfully provided with yields of up to 93% for 30 examples. Given the growing significance of nitrogen-containing heterocycles in pharmaceutical research and the challenge of their limited accessibility, this study afforded a novel synthetic methodology to construct previously inaccessible structural motifs with high molecular complexity by extending indole intermolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition with acyclic imines.

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Publication Details

Journal
Advanced Science
Published
2026-01-04
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202516247
Citations
1
Primary Topic
Radical Photochemical Reactions
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
22.95

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article

Triplet Energy Transfer‐Driven Intermolecular [2+2] Photocycloaddition of Acyclic Imines and Indoles: Facile Access to Azetidine‐Fused Indolines

Gang Yang, H K Zhang, Zeng Han, Xiuling Cui
1 citations
Advanced Science
Radical Photochemical Reactions
22.95
article

Triplet Energy Transfer‐Driven Intermolecular [2+2] Photocycloaddition of Acyclic Imines and Indoles: Facile Access to Azetidine‐Fused Indolines

Gang Yang, H K Zhang, Zeng Han, Xiuling Cui
article en
1 citations

Abstract

Currently, successful examples of the aza-[2+2] photocycloaddition (aza-Paternò-Büchi reaction) of indoles primarily rely on intramolecular variants or cyclic imine equivalents. To unlock the full synthetic potential of aza Paternò-Büchi reaction in indoles, it is essential to extend the reaction to acyclic imine. Here, an intermolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition of indoles with acyclic imines has been developed, enabling visible light-mediated aza-Paternò-Büchi reaction by triplet energy transfer. A range of azetidine-fused indolines are successfully provided with yields of up to 93% for 30 examples. Given the growing significance of nitrogen-containing heterocycles in pharmaceutical research and the challenge of their limited accessibility, this study afforded a novel synthetic methodology to construct previously inaccessible structural motifs with high molecular complexity by extending indole intermolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition with acyclic imines.

Advanced ScienceVol. 13(14)
Huaqiao University (CN), Xiamen University (CN)
Huaqiao University, Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project
Affordable and clean energy
Openalex Percentile: Top 3%
Radical Photochemical Reactions
22.95
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