Palynological Studies as a Marker for Taxonomic Identifications and Evolution of Taxa Using Advanced Microscopic Techniques

The current research work was carried out to investigate the selected pollen grains using advanced microscopic techniques to understand the taxonomic identifications and vegetation’s history of taxa. In the present study, samples were analyzed using the techniques of palynostratigraphic analysis and the single grain method. Qualitative and quantitative characters of the pollen grains were examined, which helps in the identification of pollen. In this palynological study, coal samples were collected, analyzed, and then identified as palynomorphs using different previous and modern published literature. The botanical affinities and systematic description of the taxa were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen were used as an investigative tool to examine the environmental fluctuations and their effects on the vegetation of a study area. Arecaceae was considered as the dominant family of the study area. By compiling the previously published literature on sporomorph data obtained from study area compared with modern plants, the palynoflora succession was developed. Most of the taxa studied here had a wide geographical occurrence in Tethys, which shows the abundance of angiosperms within this epoch. The highest equatorial diameter (28–29 μm) based on LM and polar axis (36–37 μm) were examined for Araceae type I. Based on the palynoflora, the paleovegetation and vegetation units could be reconstructed for different time periods of selected formations, along with the paleoclimate in the potential recent analogues of the past vegetation. The study provides information about the origin of vegetation and environmental changes within the study area and its reconstruction.