Isolation and Identification of the Sex Pheromone of Evergestis extimalis Scopoli (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

In Qinghai Province, <i>Evergestis extimalis</i> is an important pest of spring rape and is primarily controlled using chemical pesticides. Sex pheromones offer an alternative method for pest management in relatively non-polluted environments. In this study, the sex of <i>E. extimalis</i> pupae was identified, followed by isolation and structural characterization of female pheromone components using GC-EAD and GC-MS. A field attraction assay was then performed. The results showed that female pupae possess a longitudinal crack on the upper central ventral surface of the eighth abdominal segment, which connects the seventh and ninth abdominal segments. The two sides of this crack are open and flat, without protruding semicircles. Male pupae lack this longitudinal crack on the eighth abdominal segment but display one on the central ninth ventral segment, accompanied by semicircular tubercles on each side. The primary component extracted from female sex glands was identified as E11-14Ac. In field trials, E11-14 displayed a stronger attractive effect on <i>E. extimalis</i> males than the other tested attractants. In conclusion, E11-14Ac was preliminarily identified as the main component of the sex pheromone of <i>E. extimalis</i>, providing a foundation for its control using sex pheromones.