Intraosseous air: an uncommon site for ectopic air accumulation: a case report

Abstract Background Ectopic air refers to the presence of air in unusual locations within the body, necessitating a thorough investigation into its underlying causes. The clinical implications of ectopic air can vary significantly, ranging from benign conditions to life-threatening circumstances, contingent upon the specific anatomical site involved and the rate and volume of air accumulation. The study aims to highlight that identifying the etiology of ectopic air poses substantial challenges, as air can be detected at considerable distances from its origin due to the interconnectivity of fascial planes. Intraosseous air foci, which occur in the absence of osteomyelitis, represent an unconventional site for the accumulation of ectopic air, as evidenced in the case presented herein. Case Presentation We report a case of a seventy-five-year-old immunocompetent woman who presented with features suggestive of septic shock. On computed tomography, a small colonic perforation along with ileal lipoma, pneumoperitoneum, pneumoretroperitoneum, subcutaneous and intermuscular emphysema, and intraosseous air foci in the right iliac bone and right sacral ala was found. Even after aggressive treatment, the patient succumbed to her illness. The case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment in such cases to avoid a grave prognosis. Conclusions The identification of ectopic air is critical, as it has the potential to result in life-threatening complications. A thorough interpretation of the imaging characteristics, along with an understanding of the underlying pathological mechanisms of abnormal air collection, helps refine the differential diagnosis of its etiology. This approach facilitates the initiation of prompt and optimal treatment.