Sonochemical Reactions Involving Fullerenes C60 and C70

Abstract: The construction of exohedral adducts of C60 and C70 fullerenes containing acyclic and cyclic addends using ultrasound is unconventional in the chemistry of cage compounds. In this regard, ultrasound can be a universal tool in framework chemistry. The use of ultrasound reduces reaction times for fullerenes C60 and C70, increases product yields, and serves as a convenient tool for targeted modification of chemical bonds, allowing the transformation of more accessible precursors into less accessible compounds. In heterogeneous reactions, ultrasound eliminates the need for phase transfer catalysts. This review presents the theoretical foundations of sonochemistry, sonochemical methods for obtaining inorganic and organic derivatives of fullerenes C60 and C70, including [2+n]-cycloaddition reactions (n=1,3,4) and reactions of formation of fullerene adducts with acyclic fragments, as well as reactions of structural isomerization of [5-6]-open to [6]-closed isomers containing norbornane and adamantane fragments.