Review of CO2 Corrosion Modeling for Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) Infrastructure

CO2 corrosion remains a critical challenge for the safe and reliable operation of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) infrastructure. This review summarizes CO2 corrosion implications from material selection, exposure time, CO2 phase behavior, flow conditions, and impurities such as H2O, O2, SOx, NOx, and H2S. CO2 corrosion modeling has, since early works by de Waard in 1975, expanded to a wide range of models and software tools, many of which have already been reviewed and compared. This work provides a historical timeline and a comparative summary of models and software tools to assist in selecting models for CCUS applications. Modeling approaches are classified into empirical, semi-empirical, and mechanistic categories, with their assumptions, strengths, and limitations. CO2 corrosion modeling has persistent challenges relating to data quality, data quantity, and parameter interactions, which reduce model accuracy, especially for machine learning approaches. The provided perspective emphasizes that machine learning and hybrid modeling approaches for CO2 corrosion prediction are gaining popularity, and their effectiveness is currently limited by the quality and quantity of available corrosion data. The provided opportunities include recommendations for standardized experimental procedures and hybrid modeling strategies that combine physics-based insights from mechanistic modeling approaches with data-driven machine learning approaches.