Modeling scalable microservice systems in container virtualization using kubernetes and service mesh (using ISTIO as an example)

The research focuses on scalable microservice systems and their performance under container virtualization. It examines Kubernetes and Service Mesh container management technologies (using ISTIO as an example) for networking, load balancing, fault tolerance, and improved monitoring. The authors provide a detailed analysis of microservice architecture, Kubernetes operating principles, and Service Mesh mechanisms, including routing, traffic management, security, encryption of communications between services, fault management, and application health monitoring. An experiment is conducted with the deployment of a test system on Kubernetes with and without Istio, as well as load testing with varying numbers of users, request scenarios, and traffic models. The goal of the research is to determine the impact of Service Mesh on the performance of microservice networks, scalability, user experience, and overall system resilience to failures. Research methods include modeling, load testing, metric collection (latency, throughput, CPU and RAM usage), data analysis, results visualization, and comparative analysis of the obtained metrics. The research's novelty lies in a comprehensive assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of using Service Mesh in a real-world container virtualization environment. The study's key findings include recommendations for using Service Mesh to optimize network interactions, improve fault tolerance and security, simplify monitoring, and reduce development time for scalable systems. Additionally, the practical aspects of Service Mesh implementation in Russian IT infrastructures are examined, and the technology's limitations and development prospects in the context of cloud and distributed computing are analyzed, including potential integration with other orchestration and automation tools. The results confirm the importance of a comprehensive approach to modeling microservice architectures, demonstrating improved manageability, adaptability, predictability, energy efficiency, reliability, and security of systems under increasing load and scaling.