Self-Sovereign Identity and Digital Product Passports: Building Trusted Digital Ecosystems Part II: Real-World Practice, Adoption Gaps, and Improvement Pathways

This paper is a continuation of the author’s earlier work on Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) and Digital Product Passports (DPP) and is published as Part II of the study. While the first paper focused on the conceptual framework and theoretical foundations of SSI-enabled Digital Product Passports, this paper consolidates the findings and extends the discussion toward real-world practice, adoption challenges, and improvement pathways. The paper examines how SSI and DPP concepts are currently being explored and partially implemented across industries such as sustainability, supply chain management, and digital trust systems. It highlights key limitations that restrict large-scale adoption, including the lack of standardized digital product identifiers, limited brand participation, interoperability challenges, and regulatory readiness. By synthesizing existing practices and research insights, this paper identifies gaps between theory and implementation and outlines what is required to make SSI-based Digital Product Passports practical at scale. The study aims to serve as a reference for researchers, policymakers, and technologists interested in trusted digital ecosystems, sustainable product transparency, and decentralized identity systems.