A Communication-Free Cooperative Fault Recovery Control Method for DNs Based on Staged Active Power Injection of ES

To address the reclosing failures in the distribution networks (DNs) with high penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs), this paper proposes a communication-free cooperative fault recovery control method based on staged active power injection of an energy storage (ES) system. First, during the initial phase of a fault, a back-electromotive force (b-EMF) suppression arc extinction control strategy was designed for the ES converter, promoting fault arc extinction. Subsequently, the ES switches to grid-forming (GFM) control, providing active power injection to the network following the circuit breaker (CB) tripping. A time-limited variable power control of ES converter is also designed to establish voltage characteristics for fault state detection. And a fault state criterion based on voltage relative entropy is designed, helping reliable reclosing. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves coordination solely through local measurements without the need for real-time communication between ES and CB, and can shorten the recovery time of transient faults to hundreds of milliseconds.