Margatoxin Peptide: Preparation and the Potential Use for Biological Applications in Cancer and Neurological Disorders

Scorpion venom compounds are known to contain nucleotides, polypeptides, mucoproteins, lipids, biogenic amines, and other unidentified macromolecules. Several peptides in scorpion fluids have demonstrated a wide range of biological activities with strong specificity for their targeted sites. Margatoxin, isolated from the venom of the scorpion, exhibits desirable properties, including high selectivity, good permeability, and stability in cancer cells, which can be achieved at picomolar doses, thereby blocking voltage-gated K⁺ channels. This narrative review consolidates results from an extensive literature search conducted in major electronic databases up to September 2024. Important studies were identified using keywords associated with scorpion venom peptides, Kv1.3 channels, cancer treatment, and neurodegenerative disorders. The amino acids that make up Margatoxin have an effective molecular function in blocking voltage-gated K⁺ channels 1.3. Due to the abnormally high expression of voltage-gated K⁺ channel 1.3 in various types of cancers, blockers of this channel can inhibit apoptosis, metabolic changes, tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and migration. On the other hand, these channel blockers have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The strong efficacy and targeted action of margatoxin further position it as a promising drug candidate. As the number of individuals affected by cancer and neurological conditions continues to rise, research into scorpion venom peptides like margatoxin may lead to innovative therapeutic options for future treatments.