Design, Build, and Analysis of Small-Scale Wave Energy Converter Prototypes

Abstract This work details a methodology for the design of small-scale wave energy converter (WEC) prototypes, consolidating design knowledge and techniques while contributing to the production of higher-quality, fundamental WEC research. The methodology is applied in the design, build, and deployment of two WEC architectures: heaving point absorbers (PAs) and oscillating surge WECs (OSWECs). Relevant design considerations are described in depth, including testing facility, fluid regime, model physics, mechanical design, and electrical design. The design process is validated through experimental results, and recommendations are made for improvements on small-scale WEC systems. Minimizing friction at the small scale is a known challenge, but the implemented rack and pinion powertrains satisfied requirements. Additionally, electrical current measurement resolution becomes a limiting factor at the small scale, prohibiting effective controls and electrical power generation. Almost all components were purchased off-the-shelf or machined using standard tools (bandsaw, drill press, and hand tools), with a few computer numerical control (CNC) milled, waterjet, and lasercut components. A table of generalized, universal requirements for small-scale WEC development is provided. This methodology serves as a guide for small-scale WEC design and testing, improving design techniques and datasets generated from experimentation.