A Rational-Functionalist Approach to Analyzing Cooperation within the BRICS Framework։ Multipolarity of International Relations and Assessment of its Possibilities

This article analyzes the approaches of rationalism and functionalism to assess the dynamics of cooperation between countries within the BRICS. Such an approach shows that states, as rational actors, enter into cooperation when they see tangible benefits from collective action, in particular, in satisfying common utility needs. Studying the BRICS system from the perspective of this approach requires an assessment of specific practical areas of cooperation, such as economic development, financial stability, and public health. In addition, this requires examining the extent to which the institutional mechanisms within the BRICS system sufficiently contribute to the achievement of common goals. However, in general, the rationalist perspective may not take into account the influence of ideological factors, power asymmetries, and domestic political considerations that shape the landscape of cooperation. Comparative analysis requires recognizing the obstacles of rationalism and functionalism in modern international relations. While the pursuit of mutual benefit is a powerful incentive for cooperation, it is necessary to assess the different levels of commitment and obstacles among the BRICS member states. Thus, this article is devoted to the proponents of calibrated utility rational functionalism, supplemented by ideas from constructivist and neorealist theories to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the complexities inherent in BRICS cooperation. This multifaceted approach allows for a more accurate assessment of the viability and limitations of BRICS interstate cooperation.