Global, regional, and national burden of calcified aortic valve disease from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2050

Background This investigation is centered around reporting the worldwide burden of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). By making full use of every piece of available data and applying the methodology employed in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, the objective is to comprehend the epidemiological aspects of this extensively prevalent disease thoroughly.Methods This study distinguished CAVD as an independent cause of death and disability. Epidemiological and vital registry data were utilized to estimate the non-fatal and fatal burdens of CAVD in 204 countries and 21 territories from 1990 to 2021.Results In 2021, there were approximately 13,320,896.13 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 11,422,539.18 to 15,249,410.95) prevalent cases of CAVD globally, with 6,018,666.77 (5,139,855.53 to 6,897,468.51) cases in females (45%) and 7,302,229.37 (6,260,246.93 to 8,340,870.42) in males (55%). The age-standardized prevalence rate was 158.35 per 100,000 population (135.92 to 181.00), increasing with age and peaking in the 90–94 age group. The global mortality due to CAVD in 2021 was 142,205.00 (120,674.91 to 155,574.74), with an age-standardized mortality rate of 1.83 per 100,000 population (1.54 to 2.00).Conclusion The burden caused by CAVD is still quite significant and is on the rise. This increase can be attributed to the growth in life expectancy and the proliferation of risk factors. Notably, pronounced variations in the CAVD burden exist when examining different genders, age brackets, and tiers of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI).