Enhancement of growth and zeaxanthin accumulation via gene expression and metabolic pathways modulation in Chromochloris zofingiensis mutant CZ-Z12

These findings indicate that CZ-Z12 is an efficient strain for zeaxanthin production and highlight the potential for EMS mutagenesis for metabolic enhancement in heterotrophic C. zofingiensis. By modulating gene expression and key metabolic pathways, this study provides new insights and a practical strategy for improving carotenoid biosynthesis in microalgae, thereby supporting the feasible of large-scale, sustainable zeaxanthin production.