Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)-derived natural compounds inhibit vitamin K-dependent carboxylation: a novel possibility for traditional Chinese medicine-induced bleeding risk

Our study establishes 6-paradol and 10-gingerol, derived from ginger, as the first natural inhibitors of VKOR. This finding provides a novel mechanistic basis for understanding bleeding risks associated with TCMs, thereby highlighting the "double-edged sword" nature of their bioactive components. Consequently, this study underscores the critical need to balance the exploration of TCM's therapeutic potential with rigorous safety assessments, including the specific evaluation of VKOR inhibition.