Epidemiology, changing resistance trends and serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children in Chongqing, China, 2019–2024: a multicenter study

The resistance rates of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> to penicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, clindamycin, cefotaxime, and cefepime show significant downward trends over the six-year study period. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine PCV13 can effectively cover the major drug-resistant serotypes in China, and PCV 13 is therefore recommended for the prevention of <i>S. pneumoniae</i> infection. These findings contribute to informed and clinical policy decisions for prevention and treatment.