Targeted Nanotherapy for Improved Regeneration of Diabetic Wound

Introduction: Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs) are a significant global health issue due to delayed healing, infections, and high amputation risk. Conventional therapies often fail due to impaired angiogenesis and poor infection control. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The focus was on the therapeutic potential of nanoparticles (organic, inorganic, nanofibers, nanogels, nanoemulsions, and nanocomposites) in the healing of DFU. Studies were selected based on relevance, recentness (last 5 years), and experimental or clinical validation. Results: Nanoparticles demonstrated enhanced drug delivery, antimicrobial effects, angiogenesis promotion, and anti-inflammatory actions. Silver nanoparticles, VEGF-loaded PLGA nanoparticles, and antioxidant nanomaterials showed accelerated healing and reduced oxidative stress in preclinical studies. Discussion: Nanotechnology addresses the multifactorial challenges of DFUs more effectively than traditional methods. Despite promising outcomes, barriers such as clinical translation, toxicity, and regulatory approval remain. Conclusion: Nanoparticles offer a promising future for DFU therapy by improving healing outcomes. However, clinical validation and safety assessments are crucial for the successful translation of findings into practice.