Forensic DNA Phenotyping: The Future of Investigative Genetics

Forensic DNA phenotyping (FDP) is an innovative discipline within forensic genetics that aims to predict an individual's externally visible characteristics (EVCs) from their biological samples. FDP is based on the understanding that many visible human traits, such as pigmentation patterns and ancestry, are influenced by specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the genome. This makes FDP particularly valuable in cold cases, unidentified remains, and complex investigations where conventional forensic tools reach their limits. The scientific foundation of FDP lies in the understanding of how these VCs are affected by specific SNPs. In recent years, FDP has gained recognition as a valuable addition to modern forensic science by offering descriptive insight into cases where conventional DNA profiling cannot identify an individual. Its use raises ethical and social questions that must be addressed before it becomes a routine tool in criminal investigations.