Epidemioclinical Aspect of Otorhinolaryngology Pathologies in Children Aged 0 to 15 Years at the Mother-child University Hospital of N'Djamena

Introduction: ENT pathologies are all diseases in the ENT sphere, in developing countries, such as Chad, due to poverty and promiscuity; ENT diseases therefore remain a real public health problem. The aim of this work was to identify the epidemio-clinical aspects of ENT diseases in children and to analyse primary prevention measures. Method and material: this is a prospective descriptive study carried out in the ENT-HNS department of the mother and children hospital of N'Djamena (Tchad) from January 1, 2024 to June 30, 2024. All patients received in ENT consultations aged 0 to 15 years were included. Results: We were able to collect 328 cases dominated by boys, 181 cases (55.2%) against 147 girls (44.8%) with a sex ratio of 1.23 in favor of boys. Children under 5 years of age were the most represented, 195 cases or 59.5%; 215 cases or 65.5% were up to date with vaccination against 113 cases or 34.5% not up to date with vaccination. The oral-pharyngo-laryngeal region was affected in 44.2% followed by the nasosinusal, cervical and atrial regions which respectively accounted for 20.2%; 18,7%; and 17.1%. Odynophagia was the most common reason for consultation, with 96 cases (29.3%); The most common condition was tonsillitis, which accounted for 95 cases (29.0%). Infections and/or inflammations accounted for 280 cases, or 85.4%. Conclusion: ENT pathologies in children are frequent in consultations, they are dominated by infections and or inflammation. Simple preventive measures could help reduce their incidence, in particular rigorous monitoring of the vaccination schedule and raising awareness among parents and other public actors of the population on the rules of children's lifestyle.