Production of ETP-Type (Epipolythiodioxopiperazine) Mycotoxins in Clinical Fungal Isolates
Gliotoxin, an epipolythiodioxopiperazine (ETP) toxin, has been reported in several fungal species, but its distribution remains unclear. We analyzed 140 clinical isolates from two major hospitals using HPLC and LC-MS/MS to assess gliotoxin production. Gliotoxin was detected only in <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> isolates, with no production observed in any other species under multiple culture conditions. Molecular networking and comparative genomics revealed distinct ETP-related pathways in non-<i>A. fumigatus</i> species, including aspirochlorine derivatives in <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and aranotin-related metabolites in <i>Aspergillus terreus</i>. These findings clarify species-specific ETP profiles and confirm <i>A. fumigatus</i> as the sole gliotoxin producer among the isolates examined.
Authors
- Yi Han (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2835-9280)
- Xin Hong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5348-4497)
- Daniel H. Scharf (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0766-8663)
- Yumei Ge
- Feiyang Xu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8472-4338)
- Haochuan Wang
- Yinzhong Fan
- Jinxiao Zhang
- Nan Zhang
- Youqi Ji
Institutions
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (CN)
- The Fourth People's Hospital (CN)
- Kochi Medical School Hospital (JP)
- Guizhou Cancer Hospital (CN)
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de la Cellule (FR)
- Center For Biomarker Research In Medicine (AT)
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (CN)
- South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation (CN)
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (CN)
- Hangzhou Medical College (CN)
- Zhejiang University of Technology (CN)
- Zhejiang University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Journal of Natural Products
- Published
- 2026-01-04
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5c01151
- Primary Topic
- Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00