Systematic literature review on the integration of Building Information Modelling and Prevention through Design (PtD) for safety risk management

Construction safety remains a pressing global concern, as complex projects such as high-rise buildings often expose workers to serious hazards including falls, electrocution, and equipment-related injuries. Proactive risk management is therefore essential to prevent accidents before they occur. Prevention through Design (PtD) emphasizes identifying and eliminating hazards during the early design phase, while Building Information Modeling (BIM) provides a powerful digital environment to visualize, analyze, and manage safety risks. This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) of recent research on the integration of BIM and PtD for safety risk management. Using the PRISMA framework, 22 peer-reviewed studies published between 2013 and 2024 were analyzed to identify major applications, limitations, and emerging trends. Findings reveal that BIM significantly strengthens PtD implementation by enabling knowledge-based systems and automated rule-checking tools that support early hazard detection and compliance with safety standards. Although most studies focus on fall-related risks, the review highlights the growing potential of BIM-PtD integration to address diverse and dynamic construction hazards. Future research should expand the range of risk types, promote international standardization, and enhance real-world implementation of BIM-based PtD frameworks to achieve safer and more resilient construction environments.