Analysis of Risk Factors and Some Treatment Plans for Permanent and Temporary Non-ocular Surgical Blindness

This review systematically analyzed the risk factors for perioperative vision loss (POVL) and temporary perioperative vision loss (TPOVL) from the perspectives of anatomy and pathophysiology in non-ophthalmic surgeries. The study confirmed that in cases of POVL, the prognosis of TPOVL is the best, because the damaging factors causing TPOVL are reversible and can heal on their own under medical intervention or without intervention, while POVL may lead to irreversible severe consequences because its damaging factors are irreversible. This article also summarizes the current effective treatment plans for individual cases. The conclusion emphasizes that the development of postoperative POVL has strong individual differences. Patients undergoing different surgeries not only share common perioperative POVL risk factors, but also have different risk characteristics and unique pathophysiological features. Personalized strategies should be developed based on the individual patient's condition and surgical method to control risk factors, thereby reducing the incidence of POVL or converting it into TPOVL, and ultimately achieving the best therapeutic effect. At the same time, in the future, with more data support, it may be possible to establish a risk prediction model for POVL and TPOVL, so that more precise medical interventions can be taken during the perioperative period to reduce the probability of occurrence of these two complications and evaluate the prognosis. This is one of our important future work directions.