A Review of the Perceived Benefits and Potential Challenges of Implementing AI in Education in Developing Countries

The goal of this systematic literature review (SLR) is to identify potential benefits and challenges of implementing artificial intelligence (AI) in the education systems of developing countries. To meet our research objectives, we applied a systematic literature review (SLR) approach. We selected a total of 29 research articles using the SCOPUS and Google Scholar databases. Thereafter, we evaluated the quality of the articles using Scimago Journal and Country Rank (SJR). Next, we categorized the key findings as themes (T), contexts (C), and methodologies (M). Our key findings include the following: The developing countries will have four significant benefits while integrating artificial intelligence into their education systems: (1) enhanced learning opportunities, (2) improved efficiency, (3) resource availability, and (4) education scalability potential. However, they will encounter five key challenges while implementing AI in the system: (1) high costs; (2) infrastructure barriers; (3) risks to data privacy; (4) shortage of competence; and (5) concerns about ethics and bias. This review article offers a guide for academics, policymakers, and researchers to deepen their understanding of the perceived benefits and associated risks of incorporating AI into education systems, especially in resource-constrained contexts. Furthermore, this article will serve as a foundation for future research and encourage further experimentation on this topic.