Molecular characterization and high prevalence of Tritrichomonas foetus in bulls from the North-West Province of South Africa using real - time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and conventional PCR diagnostics

This study confirms a high prevalence of <i>T. foetus</i> in bulls in the DSRM district and demonstrates the superior accuracy of molecular diagnostics compared with culture and microscopy. The identification of genotypes closely related to Southern African strains highlights potential transboundary spread. Incorporating PCR-based screening into routine surveillance is essential for accurate diagnosis, minimizing unnecessary culling, and enhancing reproductive herd health. Further longitudinal studies are recommended to assess disease dynamics and inform regional control programs.