Harm reduction engagement and ongoing opioid use among adults receiving methadone or buprenorphine in Philadelphia

Despite ongoing MOUD treatment, many patients reported continued, non-prescribed opioid use and infrequent engagement with HRS. More favorable attitudes and higher HRS utilization among buprenorphine recipients suggest that MOUD setting and structure may influence harm reduction engagement. These findings add quantitative evidence describing HRS use among MOUD populations and suggests that tailoring harm-reduction supports to these contextual factors may be an important consideration for MOUD programs.