Assessing the economic, environmental, and energy impacts of natural gas-powered VRF system for building sector decarbonization: An integrated all-in-one package methodology based on open BIM approach

• Multi-criteria LCA assesses NG-VRF systems for decarbonizing gas-fired countries. • New methodology combines energy, environmental, and economic HVAC system analysis. • OpenBIM-based workflow supports building digitalization and HVAC system optimization. • NG-VRF trigeneration lowers emissions and optimizes primary energy efficiency. • GHP systems offer 63% cost savings and reinforce gas export market potential. In the context of the global energy transition, innovative HVAC solutions are essential, particularly those suited to temperate climates and local energy strategies. This study evaluates the potential of natural gas-powered Variable Refrigerant Flow (NG-VRF) systems, functioning as Gas Heat Pumps (GHPs), as a decarbonization strategy for countries reliant on natural gas power plants. A key aspect of this research is the comparison between NG-VRF systems and electric VRF systems with boilers for domestic hot water production. Using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), the study assesses energy, environmental, and economic impacts in three climatic zones in Algeria: Mediterranean, semi-arid, and arid. The analysis incorporates the OpenBIM workflow and "Price Generator" database, offering an all-in-one package methodology as decision-support tool for energy consumption, environmental impact assessment, and economic evaluation aligning with trends in digitalization and energy transition. The findings reveal that the NG-VRF system, with its trigeneration capability, providing heating, cooling, and hot water from a single unit, achieves lower environmental impacts and energy consumption compared to mono-generation electric VRF systems. Heat recovery from the NG-VRF system eliminates the need for a separate hot water boiler, further enhancing efficiency. Paradoxically, promoting GHP systems in natural gas-producing countries helps preserve natural gas resources while reducing operational CO 2 emissions and primary energy consumption by 40% in Mediterranean climates, 35% in semi-arid, and 25% in arid climates. Furthermore, energy cost savings of up to 63% are achieved compared to international pricing. Consequently, energy savings in subsidized energy markets can increase natural gas exports, benefiting national revenues.