Management of Chronic Scrotal Swelling at the Urology Department of de la Paix Hospital of Ziguinchor

Introduction: Chronic scrotal swelling is a common reason for consultation at Urology. Its global prevalence remains unknown. Among adults, it is often perceived as a shameful condition. Traditional treatments expose patients to potentially severe complications. This study aimed to assess the management of chronic scrotal swelling within our department. Methods: We conducted a four-year retrospective descriptive study (January 1, 2017–December 31, 2020). All patients who underwent surgery for chronic scrotal swelling at the Urology Department of De la Paix Hospital of Ziguinchor, were included. Data were collected from medical records. Variables studied included epidemiological, clinical, etiological, therapeutic, and evolutionary parameters. Results: A total of 67 patients were recorded (frequency: 23.3%). The mean age was 54.3 years for adults (range: 20–89 years) and 4.8 years for children (range: 7 months–12 years). Farmers were the most represented group (34.5%). A history of inguinal hernia repair was noted in 12.1%. Scrotal swelling was the main reason for consultation (83%). The right side was affected in 43%. The mean duration of symptoms was 5 years. Inguino-scrotal hernia was the most common etiology (53.4%), while a persistent peritoneo-vaginal duct (PPVD) was the sole cause in children. Bassini technique was used in 27.6% of cases of hernia. In-hospital follow up was performed for 24 hours in 63.8% of adults and 77.7% of children. At 3-month follow-up, outcomes were unremarkable in 96.5%. Complications occurred only on adults including operative wound infection, chronic pain with testicular hypotrophy, and one death. Conclusion: Chronic scrotal swelling can occur at any age and remains a frequent condition in urology. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, and surgery is essential but can lead to potential complications.