Analysis of roadblocks and enablers of net-zero in Indian manufacturing SMEs

Net zero is a promising approach for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the manufacturing sector. It focuses on adopting carbon–neutral practices and reducing the organization’s carbon footprint to zero. The use of recyclable materials, renewable energy, and circular-economy practices helps SMEs adopt a net-zero approach to manufacturing. SMEs, due to their significant contribution, are considered the backbone of the manufacturing sector. The current study examines roadblocks and enablers to achieving net zero in Indian SMEs, providing insights for planning strategies to adopt Net Zero and the SDGs. In the current study, the authors have identified eleven roadblocks and an equal number of enablers of net zero from the literature and analyzed them by fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) techniques. This technique also helps in the categorization of these factors based on their causation and influencing effects. The analysis indicates that the lack of regulations and norms on net zero, the limited supply of carbon–neutral materials, and the high cost of net zero technologies are the top three roadblocks. Furthermore, analysis reveals that top management’s supportive policies, awareness of Reducing Carbon emissions, Incentives, and foreign direct investment in net zero are the top three enablers. The findings of the current study suggest that understanding the roadblocks and enablers is crucial for Indian SMEs to implement net-zero practices and contribute to sustainable development effectively. Categorization of roadblocks and enablers also helps in forming strategies for handling them. The findings of the current study can help SMEs in developing economies, especially those in the manufacturing sector, formulate strategies to adopt net zero and fulfil the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).