Comprehensive identification of contagious, environmental, and emerging microorganisms associated with bovine mastitis in Northern Minas Gerais, Brazil, using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

This study provides an updated and region-specific overview of the mastitis microbiome in northern Minas Gerais, demonstrating the predominance of S. aureus and non-aureus staphylococci, alongside diverse environmental and rare pathogens. MALDI-TOF MS proved to be a powerful diagnostic tool for rapid species-level identification, supporting more precise mastitis control strategies. The detection of emerging or uncommon microorganisms underscores the need for sustained surveillance, improved biosecurity, and further research, including genomic characterization and antimicrobial resistance monitoring. These findings contribute to advancing dairy herd health, guiding targeted interventions, and informing One Health perspectives.