Forgiveness of Older Indian Adults Living in Shelter Homes: A Qualitative Study

This qualitative study examines the complexities of forgiveness among older Indian adults residing in shelter homes. Using a qualitative design, 18 older adults (10 males and 8 females) with varied educational levels (6 graduates, 10 with higher secondary education, and 2 with secondary education) were recruited through purposive sampling. They responded to semi-structured interview questions. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using the thematic analysis method. The thematic analysis revealed seven key themes: the multifaceted nature of forgiveness, the role of severe transgressions, negative cognitions and lack of support, guilt and frequent negative emotional experiences, hindering behaviour patterns, fear of losing respect, and strong adherence to desirable social and religious values in guiding forgiveness practices. Serious offences require significant cognitive and emotional effort, with the nature of the relationship with the perpetrator and their intentions playing crucial roles. Emotional wounds from severe transgressions often create complex barriers to forgiveness, exacerbated by negative cognitions and inadequate support. Loneliness and perceived vulnerability further complicate forgiveness, while ingrained maladaptive behavioural patterns and the fear of losing social respect also impact forgiveness decisions. Strong adherence to social norms and religious beliefs emerged as guiding forces in navigating forgiveness. Encouraging emotional support programmes, cognitive reframing, and community engagement may foster forgiveness among institutionalised older adults. The findings offer a significant understanding of forgiveness in this unique context, emphasising the interplay of cognitive, emotional, social, and cultural factors.