Standardized trimodal histopathological examination for microplastic detection and tissue-level assessment in green mussels (Perna viridis) cultivated near an industrial estate in Rayong, Thailand

The standardized trimodal histopathological approach offers a reliable, fast, and xylene-free method for MP detection in <i>P. viridis</i>. Digestive tracts, gills, and digestive glands are the most informative tissues for biomonitoring. Although many tissues did not show obvious lesions, the presence of mild pathological changes highlights the potential for sublethal effects in chronically exposed populations. This method improves diagnostic accuracy by reducing false positives and provides a consistent framework for MP surveillance in industrial coastal zones.