Evaluation of Diagnostic Accuracy of TIRADS by Ultrasonography in Thyroid Lesions with Cytological and Histopathological Correlation

Abstract Objective: To assess the correlation between ultrasound-based TIRADS and the Bethesda system on FNAC for evaluating thyroid nodules and to determine the diagnostic accuracy of TIRADS in malignancy risk stratification. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on patients presenting with thyroid nodules at a tertiary care hospital. Each nodule was evaluated using ultrasound according to TIRADS criteria, and FNAC was performed and categorized per the Bethesda system. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of TIRADS were calculated against cytological diagnosis. Results: Among the nodules evaluated, a significant correlation was found between high TIRADS categories (4 and 5) and Bethesda IV–VI categories, with TIRADS 5 showing a high malignancy risk. The sensitivity and specificity of TIRADS in identifying malignant nodules were found to be 100% & 92.2% respectively. Conclusion: TIRADS is a valuable risk stratification tool that correlates well with cytological outcomes and can reduce unnecessary FNACs in patients with low-risk nodules.