The Law of Entropy Increase in Complex Systems

This paper presents Version 2.0 of The Law of Entropy Increase in Complex Systems. Building upon non-equilibrium thermodynamics and the second law of thermodynamics, it develops a theoretical model of social evolution centered on two core conceptual anchors: the Entropy-Suppressing Subject and Negentropy Flow, which together elucidate the underlying mechanisms of social order formation and class differentiation. Key revisions in this version include:(1) Refining the core concept to “Entropy-Suppressing Subject” (replacing the earlier formulation “Entropy-Suppressing Subject Group”) to better capture its theoretical essence;(2) Enhancing terminological precision through improved academic translation and standardized keyword usage. The core theoretical framework remains unchanged and retains the same DOI as Version 1.0. An alternate title has been added to foreground the study’s focus on social progress and the role of the Entropy-Suppressing Subject.