Enhanced Electrochemical Supercapacitor Properties of 2D In ₂ O ₃ Nanosheets and Application in Transmission Tower Monitoring

The increasing mandate for proficient, sustainable, and high-performance energy storage schemes has obsessed substantial research into advanced electrode materials for supercapacitors. Herein, a simple solvothermal protocol is applied to synthesize highly pure, crystalline, and well-uniform two-dimensional sheets of indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ). The In 2 O 3 nanosheets (NSs) are applied for supercapacitor applications in an electrolyte of 1 M KOH solution. This unique electrocatalyst for supercapacitors has shown great promise for efficient ion intercalation because of its strong chemical stability, high surface-to-volume ratio, superior electrical conductivity, and unique pseudocapacitive behavior. In 2 O 3 nanosheets demonstrate great potential in achieving an extraordinary capacitance of 583 F/g. The In 2 O 3 nanosheets also exhibited excellent energy and power densities of 29.15 Wh/kg and 349.8 W/kg, correspondingly. Additionally, the In 2 O 3 nanosheets retained 80% of their capacitance even subsequently 6000 cycles, which confirms their compatibility for long-term applications. The implementation of helical piles is hindered by a critical lack of long-term, in-situ performance data. To power the remote wireless sensors needed to collect this data on transmission tower foundations, a reliable energy source is required. Electrochemical supercapacitors are essential for this role, as they provide the durable, high-power bursts needed for data transmission from these often inaccessible sites, ensuring continuous monitoring where batteries alone would fail. This work opens the door for novel industrial safety applications, particularly in helical pile of transmission tower monitoring, by demonstrating the potential of In 2 O 3 nanosheets as a high-performance material for electrochemical supercapacitors.