Observation of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3686</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>γ</

The decay <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <a:mi>ψ</a:mi> <a:mo stretchy="false">(</a:mo> <a:mn>3686</a:mn> <a:mo stretchy="false">)</a:mo> <a:mo stretchy="false">→</a:mo> <a:mi>γ</a:mi> <a:msup> <a:mi>π</a:mi> <a:mo>+</a:mo> </a:msup> <a:msup> <a:mi>π</a:mi> <a:mo>−</a:mo> </a:msup> <a:msup> <a:mi>π</a:mi> <a:mn>0</a:mn> </a:msup> </a:math> is studied using a sample of <f:math xmlns:f="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <f:mo stretchy="false">(</f:mo> <f:mn>2712.4</f:mn> <f:mo>±</f:mo> <f:mn>14.3</f:mn> <f:mo stretchy="false">)</f:mo> <f:mo>×</f:mo> <f:msup> <f:mn>10</f:mn> <f:mn>6</f:mn> </f:msup> <f:mtext> </f:mtext> <f:mtext> </f:mtext> <f:mi>ψ</f:mi> <f:mo stretchy="false">(</f:mo> <f:mn>3686</f:mn> <f:mo stretchy="false">)</f:mo> </f:math> events collected with the BESIII detector. The decay <l:math xmlns:l="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <l:mi>η</l:mi> <l:mo stretchy="false">(</l:mo> <l:mn>1405</l:mn> <l:mo stretchy="false">)</l:mo> <l:mo stretchy="false">→</l:mo> <l:msup> <l:mi>π</l:mi> <l:mo>+</l:mo> </l:msup> <l:msup> <l:mi>π</l:mi> <l:mo>−</l:mo> </l:msup> <l:msup> <l:mi>π</l:mi> <l:mn>0</l:mn> </l:msup> </l:math> is observed for the first time in <q:math xmlns:q="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <q:mi>ψ</q:mi> <q:mo stretchy="false">(</q:mo> <q:mn>3686</q:mn> <q:mo stretchy="false">)</q:mo> </q:math> decays via the intermediate state <u:math xmlns:u="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <u:msub> <u:mi>f</u:mi> <u:mn>0</u:mn> </u:msub> <u:mo stretchy="false">(</u:mo> <u:mn>980</u:mn> <u:mo stretchy="false">)</u:mo> </u:math> and the product branching fraction <y:math xmlns:y="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <y:mrow> <y:mi mathvariant="script">B</y:mi> <y:mo stretchy="false">(</y:mo> <y:mi>ψ</y:mi> <y:mo stretchy="false">(</y:mo> <y:mn>3686</y:mn> <y:mo stretchy="false">)</y:mo> <y:mo stretchy="false">→</y:mo> <y:mi>γ</y:mi> <y:mi>η</y:mi> <y:mo stretchy="false">(</y:mo> <y:mn>1405</y:mn> <y:mo stretchy="false">)</y:mo> <y:mo stretchy="false">)</y:mo> <y:mo>×</y:mo> <y:mi mathvariant="script">B</y:mi> <y:mo stretchy="false">(</y:mo> <y:mi>η</y:mi> <y:mo stretchy="false">(</y:mo> <y:mn>1405</y:mn> <y:mo stretchy="false">)</y:mo> <y:mo stretchy="false">→</y:mo> <y:msub> <y:mrow> <y:mi>f</y:mi> </y:mrow> <y:mrow> <y:mn>0</y:mn> </y:mrow> </y:msub> <y:mo stretchy="false">(</y:mo> <y:mn>980</y:mn> <y:mo stretchy="false">)</y:mo> <y:msup> <y:mrow> <y:mi>π</y:mi> </y:mrow> <y:mrow> <y:mn>0</y:mn> </y:mrow> </y:msup> <y:mo stretchy="false">)</y:mo> <y:mo>×</y:mo> <y:mi mathvariant="script">B</y:mi> <y:mo stretchy="false">(</y:mo> <y:msub> <y:mrow> <y:mi>f</y:mi> </y:mrow> <y:mrow> <y:mn>0</y:mn> </y:mrow> </y:msub> <y:mo stretchy="false">(</y:mo> <y:mn>980</y:mn> <y:mo stretchy="false">)</y:mo> <y:mo stretchy="false">→</y:mo> <y:msup> <y:mrow> <y:mi>π</y:mi> </y:mrow> <y:mrow> <y:mo>+</y:mo> </y:mrow> </y:msup> <y:msup> <y:mrow> <y:mi>π</y:mi> </y:mrow> <y:mrow> <y:mo>−</y:mo> </y:mrow> </y:msup> <y:mo stretchy="false">)</y:mo> </y:mrow> </y:math> is determined to be <wb:math xmlns:wb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <wb:mo stretchy="false">(</wb:mo> <wb:mn>3.77</wb:mn> <wb:mo>±</wb:mo> <wb:mn>0.43</wb:mn> <wb:mo>±</wb:mo> <wb:mn>0.30</wb:mn> <wb:mo stretchy="false">)</wb:mo> <wb:mo>×</wb:mo> <wb:msup> <wb:mn>10</wb:mn> <wb:mrow> <wb:mo>−</wb:mo> <wb:mn>7</wb:mn> </wb:mrow> </wb:msup> </wb:math> , where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The branching fraction of isospin-violating decay <ac:math xmlns:ac="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <ac:mi>ψ</ac:mi> <ac:mo stretchy="false">(</ac:mo> <ac:mn>3686</ac:mn> <ac:mo stretchy="false">)</ac:mo> <ac:mo stretchy="false">→</ac:mo> <ac:mi>γ</ac:mi> <ac:msub> <ac:mi>f</ac:mi> <ac:mn>1</ac:mn> </ac:msub> <ac:mo stretchy="false">(</ac:mo> <ac:mn>1285</ac:mn> <ac:mo stretchy="false">)</ac:mo> <ac:mo stretchy="false">→</ac:mo> <ac:mi>γ</ac:mi> <ac:msub> <ac:mi>f</ac:mi> <ac:mn>0</ac:mn> </ac:msub> <ac:mo stretchy="false">(</ac:mo> <ac:mn>980</ac:mn> <ac:mo stretchy="false">)</ac:mo> <ac:msup> <ac:mi>π</ac:mi> <ac:mn>0</ac:mn> </ac:msup> <ac:mo stretchy="false">→</ac:mo> <ac:mi>γ</ac:mi> <ac:msup> <ac:mi>π</ac:mi> <ac:mo>+</ac:mo> </ac:msup> <ac:msup> <ac:mi>π</ac:mi> <ac:mo>−</ac:mo> </ac:msup> <ac:msup> <ac:mi>π</ac:mi> <ac:mn>0</ac:mn> </ac:msup> </ac:math> is determined to be <lc:math xmlns:lc="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <lc:mo stretchy="false">(</lc:mo> <lc:mn>7.36</lc:mn> <lc:mo>±</lc:mo> <lc:mn>2.25</lc:mn> <lc:mo>±</lc:mo> <lc:mn>2.36</lc:mn> <lc:mo stretchy="false">)</lc:mo> <lc:mo>×</lc:mo>

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Journal
Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
Published
2026-01-02
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/pchp-d1x8
Primary Topic
Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
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article
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article

Observation of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3686</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>γ</

A. Kupść, Angela B. Brueggemann, F. Hanisch, M. Wolke et al.
Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
article

Observation of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3686</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>γ</

A. Kupść, Angela B. Brueggemann, F. Hanisch, M. Wolke, P. Egorov, Thomas Johansson, A. Bortone, Yun Yue, Q. M., Sofia Pacetti, Lei Li, R. Aliberti, M. Berłowski, Xi Kui, N. Salone, R. Farinelli, Joshua Jackson, S. Garbolino, A. Sarantsev, Francesca Rosini, W. Kühn, Zirong Song, I. Garzia, Y. M., Yury Anatolevich Nefedov, Li P. R., S. Gramigna, L. Ge, Shafaq Nisar, M. Fritsch, Qianqian Lan, K. Begzsuren, Z. Wang, Y. Schelhaas, T. Lenz, N. Kalantar‐Nayestanaki, H. Yuan, Marina Maggiora, Klaus Peters, Stefano Sosio, Max Lellmann, Frank Nerling, S. Kabana, S. Spataro, V. Prasad, Igor Denysenko, I. Mackay, Y. P. Lu, A. Guskov, Frederik Weidner, A. Rivetti, I. R. Boyko, S. Malde, S. Marcello, P. Musiol, J. Gutierrez, H.-R. Bao, Anonymous, H. Ma, D. X. Lin, M. Greco, N. Hüsken, C. F. Qiao, H. M. Hu, X. Zeng, M. C. Du, X. L. Luo, H. C. Zhang, X. L. Wang, L. B. Liao, L. L. Wang, Y. P. Liao, W. H. Yan, Y. L. Xiao, T. Liu, S. Zhou, T. Lin, X. C. Ai, J. L. Ma, Y. Bai, W. D. Li, X. Y. Chai, J. 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Gilman, X. B. Gao, Z. H. Lu, Cong Wang, J. J. Cui, M. N. Achasov, J. Muskalla, K. D. Hao, J. G. Lu, R. Y. Ma, T. Yu, F. Cossio, T. Y. Li, Z. Y. You, G. F. Fan, S. S. Fang, W. Shan, E. Bianco, Z. J. Xiao, Y. C. Xu, C. X. Liu, F. Yan, Yujie Zeng, Q. P. Ji, M. H. Li, T. J. Jiang, Y. Yuan, A. Amoroso, L. Xia, Y. Jin, X. H. Mo, X. Pan, F. M. Melendi, Z. X. Meng, C. P. Shen, X. Y. Zhang, B. Moses, S. K. Choi, Yi Wang, Z. K. Jia, X. T. Huang, H. F. Shen, X. H. Wu, P. T. Ge, J. F. Chang, M. J. Guo, Z. Y. Li, J. Cottee-Meldrum, Y. K. Heng, Wei Wang, C. H. Chen, L. Yan, K. Wang, S. S. Su, L. Fava, Q. Ouyang, N. Zhang, F. Bianchi, Y. R. Hou, T. D. Xu, A. N. Zhu, H. Gao, K. L. Han, Q. An, Lei Zhang, Y. J. Mao, Y. T. Gu, H. J. Lu, G. F. Xu, T. J. Wang, S. Stansilaus, T. Ma, X. J. Peng, F. Stieler, X. L. Li, X. T. Chen, Z. J. Shang, X. Chu, J. Libby, S. S. Rong, Q. M. Li, R. P. Zhao, X. Dong, H. L. Dai, Y. P. Guo, C. Q. Feng, O. B. Kolcu, R. E. Mitchell, X. Q. Hao, Yaqian Wang, L. Zhao, W. P. Wang, D. Xiao, L. S. Nie, L. C. Liu, X. T. Ma, Lianjie Wu, Y. Ban, N. Cao, X. P. Xu, T. Z. Song, X. Q. Yan, V. Batozskaya, A. Khoukaz, J. F. Shangguan, J. L. Ping, F. C. Ma, F. X. Lu, S. H. Zeng, G. Y. Xiao, K. Y. Shan, G. Y. Zhang, Y. M. Zhang, H. X. Mao, H. B. Jiang, Y. J. Song, M. C. Yu, L. Q. Lin, Y. H. Zhan, A. Pathak, C. Normand, J. Fang, Y. X. Ding, L. L. Ma, C. Herold, Y. P. Huang, T. J. Zhu, Y. A. Tang, M. H. Cai, J. H. Yang, L. J. Li, Hui Li, N. Kumar, X. Cai, P. Adlarson, Z. W. Ge, X. Y. Shen, C. L. Luo, F. Feldbauer, P. L. Li, L. Y. Dong, C. K. Li, G. F. Cao, L. X. Zhu, N. Berger, Y. N. Gao, H. R. Qi, B. M. Zheng, X. Y. Zhuang, Y. J. Zeng, R. G. Ping, D. H. Wei, M. Kavatsyuk, Y. P. Li, X. Q. Yuan, H. K. Sun, L. Q. Huang, A. Limphirat, B. Zhong, R. A. Briere, I. Uman, P. C. Hong, K. Schoenning, Y. H. Fan, B. Wang, Z. F. Tian, Q. A. Malik, S. B. Liu, M. Kuessner, B. Kopf, Ch. Rosner, A. Dbeyssi, T. Hu, X. M. Xian, Q. P. Hu, Y. F. Lyu, C. X. Yu, C. F. Xu, W. D. Niu, G. 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Shan, Jin Zhang, L. M. Zhang, X. L. Lu, C. Y. Guan, J. Y. Tian, G. R. Liao, J. F. Qiu, W. X. Gong, J. Q. Zhang, X. M. Jing, Y. W. Fu, M. L. Chen, Z. A. Zhu, Y. Hu, Z. Jiao, T. Chen
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Abstract

The decay <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <a:mi>ψ</a:mi> <a:mo stretchy="false">(</a:mo> <a:mn>3686</a:mn> <a:mo stretchy="false">)</a:mo> <a:mo stretchy="false">→</a:mo> <a:mi>γ</a:mi> <a:msup> <a:mi>π</a:mi> <a:mo>+</a:mo> </a:msup> <a:msup> <a:mi>π</a:mi> <a:mo>−</a:mo> </a:msup> <a:msup> <a:mi>π</a:mi> <a:mn>0</a:mn> </a:msup> </a:math> is studied using a sample of <f:math xmlns:f="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <f:mo stretchy="false">(</f:mo> <f:mn>2712.4</f:mn> <f:mo>±</f:mo> <f:mn>14.3</f:mn> <f:mo stretchy="false">)</f:mo> <f:mo>×</f:mo> <f:msup> <f:mn>10</f:mn> <f:mn>6</f:mn> </f:msup> <f:mtext> </f:mtext> <f:mtext> </f:mtext> <f:mi>ψ</f:mi> <f:mo stretchy="false">(</f:mo> <f:mn>3686</f:mn> <f:mo stretchy="false">)</f:mo> </f:math> events collected with the BESIII detector. The decay <l:math xmlns:l="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <l:mi>η</l:mi> <l:mo stretchy="false">(</l:mo> <l:mn>1405</l:mn> <l:mo stretchy="false">)</l:mo> <l:mo stretchy="false">→</l:mo> <l:msup> <l:mi>π</l:mi> <l:mo>+</l:mo> </l:msup> <l:msup> <l:mi>π</l:mi> <l:mo>−</l:mo> </l:msup> <l:msup> <l:mi>π</l:mi> <l:mn>0</l:mn> </l:msup> </l:math> is observed for the first time in <q:math xmlns:q="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <q:mi>ψ</q:mi> <q:mo stretchy="false">(</q:mo> <q:mn>3686</q:mn> <q:mo stretchy="false">)</q:mo> </q:math> decays via the intermediate state <u:math xmlns:u="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <u:msub> <u:mi>f</u:mi> <u:mn>0</u:mn> </u:msub> <u:mo stretchy="false">(</u:mo> <u:mn>980</u:mn> <u:mo stretchy="false">)</u:mo> </u:math> and the product branching fraction <y:math xmlns:y="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <y:mrow> <y:mi mathvariant="script">B</y:mi> <y:mo stretchy="false">(</y:mo> <y:mi>ψ</y:mi> <y:mo stretchy="false">(</y:mo> <y:mn>3686</y:mn> <y:mo stretchy="false">)</y:mo> <y:mo stretchy="false">→</y:mo> <y:mi>γ</y:mi> <y:mi>η</y:mi> <y:mo stretchy="false">(</y:mo> <y:mn>1405</y:mn> <y:mo stretchy="false">)</y:mo> <y:mo stretchy="false">)</y:mo> <y:mo>×</y:mo> <y:mi mathvariant="script">B</y:mi> <y:mo stretchy="false">(</y:mo> <y:mi>η</y:mi> <y:mo stretchy="false">(</y:mo> <y:mn>1405</y:mn> <y:mo stretchy="false">)</y:mo> <y:mo stretchy="false">→</y:mo> <y:msub> <y:mrow> <y:mi>f</y:mi> </y:mrow> <y:mrow> <y:mn>0</y:mn> </y:mrow> </y:msub> <y:mo stretchy="false">(</y:mo> <y:mn>980</y:mn> <y:mo stretchy="false">)</y:mo> <y:msup> <y:mrow> <y:mi>π</y:mi> </y:mrow> <y:mrow> <y:mn>0</y:mn> </y:mrow> </y:msup> <y:mo stretchy="false">)</y:mo> <y:mo>×</y:mo> <y:mi mathvariant="script">B</y:mi> <y:mo stretchy="false">(</y:mo> <y:msub> <y:mrow> <y:mi>f</y:mi> </y:mrow> <y:mrow> <y:mn>0</y:mn> </y:mrow> </y:msub> <y:mo stretchy="false">(</y:mo> <y:mn>980</y:mn> <y:mo stretchy="false">)</y:mo> <y:mo stretchy="false">→</y:mo> <y:msup> <y:mrow> <y:mi>π</y:mi> </y:mrow> <y:mrow> <y:mo>+</y:mo> </y:mrow> </y:msup> <y:msup> <y:mrow> <y:mi>π</y:mi> </y:mrow> <y:mrow> <y:mo>−</y:mo> </y:mrow> </y:msup> <y:mo stretchy="false">)</y:mo> </y:mrow> </y:math> is determined to be <wb:math xmlns:wb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <wb:mo stretchy="false">(</wb:mo> <wb:mn>3.77</wb:mn> <wb:mo>±</wb:mo> <wb:mn>0.43</wb:mn> <wb:mo>±</wb:mo> <wb:mn>0.30</wb:mn> <wb:mo stretchy="false">)</wb:mo> <wb:mo>×</wb:mo> <wb:msup> <wb:mn>10</wb:mn> <wb:mrow> <wb:mo>−</wb:mo> <wb:mn>7</wb:mn> </wb:mrow> </wb:msup> </wb:math> , where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The branching fraction of isospin-violating decay <ac:math xmlns:ac="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <ac:mi>ψ</ac:mi> <ac:mo stretchy="false">(</ac:mo> <ac:mn>3686</ac:mn> <ac:mo stretchy="false">)</ac:mo> <ac:mo stretchy="false">→</ac:mo> <ac:mi>γ</ac:mi> <ac:msub> <ac:mi>f</ac:mi> <ac:mn>1</ac:mn> </ac:msub> <ac:mo stretchy="false">(</ac:mo> <ac:mn>1285</ac:mn> <ac:mo stretchy="false">)</ac:mo> <ac:mo stretchy="false">→</ac:mo> <ac:mi>γ</ac:mi> <ac:msub> <ac:mi>f</ac:mi> <ac:mn>0</ac:mn> </ac:msub> <ac:mo stretchy="false">(</ac:mo> <ac:mn>980</ac:mn> <ac:mo stretchy="false">)</ac:mo> <ac:msup> <ac:mi>π</ac:mi> <ac:mn>0</ac:mn> </ac:msup> <ac:mo stretchy="false">→</ac:mo> <ac:mi>γ</ac:mi> <ac:msup> <ac:mi>π</ac:mi> <ac:mo>+</ac:mo> </ac:msup> <ac:msup> <ac:mi>π</ac:mi> <ac:mo>−</ac:mo> </ac:msup> <ac:msup> <ac:mi>π</ac:mi> <ac:mn>0</ac:mn> </ac:msup> </ac:math> is determined to be <lc:math xmlns:lc="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <lc:mo stretchy="false">(</lc:mo> <lc:mn>7.36</lc:mn> <lc:mo>±</lc:mo> <lc:mn>2.25</lc:mn> <lc:mo>±</lc:mo> <lc:mn>2.36</lc:mn> <lc:mo stretchy="false">)</lc:mo> <lc:mo>×</lc:mo>

Physical review. D/Physical review. D.Vol. 113(3)
University of Science and Technology Liaoning (CN), Liaoning University (CN), Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” (IT), Uppsala University (SE), University of Science and Technology of China (CN), University of Hawaii System (US), Mongolian Academy of Sciences (MN), Central South University (CN), Guangxi University (CN), Nanjing Normal University (CN), Liaoning Normal University (CN), North China Electric Power University (CN), Shandong University (CN), COMSATS University Islamabad (PK), Hangzhou Normal University (CN), Hunan University (CN), Henan University of Science and Technology (CN), University of Groningen (NL), GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research (DE), University of the Punjab (PK), Hunan Normal University (CN), Henan University (CN), Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN), Yantai University (CN), University of Tarapacá (CL), Guangxi University of Science and Technology (CN), South China Normal University (CN), Yunnan University (CN), Jilin University (CN), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (DE), University of Ferrara (IT), Qufu Normal University (CN), Peking University (CN), Nankai University (CN), University of Münster (DE), Sichuan University (CN), Fudan University (CN), Inner Mongolia University (CN), University of Perugia (IT), Shandong Normal University (CN), University of Manchester (GB), Guangxi Normal University (CN), China University of Geosciences (CN), Huangshan University (CN), Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (RU), University of Jinan (CN), Henan University of Technology (CN), University of Bristol (GB), Wuhan University (CN), Zhengzhou University (CN), University of Oxford (GB), Central China Normal University (CN), National Centre for Nuclear Research (PL), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara (IT), Helmholtz Institute Mainz (DE), Istinye University (TR), Institute of Modern Physics (CN), Jilin Medical University (CN), Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (IT), Piedmont University (US), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia (IT), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN), Hebei University (CN), Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (RU), China Center of Advanced Science and Technology (CN), University of Turin (IT), Indiana University (US), Chung-Ang University (KR), Near East University (CY), Carnegie Mellon University (US), Henan Normal University (CN), Zhejiang University (CN), Lanzhou University (CN), Renmin University of China (CN), Suranaree University of Technology (TH), Beihang University (CN), Xi'an Jiaotong University (CN), Nanjing University (CN), Ruhr University Bochum (DE), University of South China (CN), Shanxi Normal University (CN), Tsinghua University (CN)
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