Plasmodium vivax congenital and neonatal malaria with atypical presentation in Western Ethiopia: four cases highlighting diagnostic pitfalls

This case series underscores the clinical diversity and diagnostic challenges of P. vivax-associated congenital and neonatal malaria in Ethiopia. The findings highlight the need for heightened clinical suspicion in endemic regions, especially where neonatal sepsis is common. The rising incidence of P. vivax relative to P. falciparum calls for renewed attention from clinicians, researchers, and policymakers to strengthen diagnostic capacity, surveillance, and targeted interventions.