Surgical Management of Digital Neuromas: A Systematic Review of Techniques, Outcomes, and Pain Relief

Surgical treatment of painful digital neuromas provides meaningful pain relief and functional improvement, particularly when techniques restore physiologic targets for regenerating axons rather than relying on excision alone. Continuity-restoring and reinnervation-based approaches, including neurorrhaphy, nerve capping, RPNI, and TMR, demonstrate favourable outcomes with lower recurrence rates, although comparative evidence remains limited. Standardised outcome measures and higher-quality comparative studies are required to guide optimal, patient-specific surgical decision-making.