A Primary Pulmonary Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor Invading the Left Atrium Through the Right Inferior Pulmonary Vein: A Case Report and Literature Review

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are rare and aggressive, typically occurring in bones and soft tissues. This report describes a 12-year-old Chinese girl with primary pulmonary PNET invading the left atrium. She presented with right chest pain, shortness of breath, and dry cough for two months. Contrast-enhanced CT and PET-CT revealed a lung mass involving the left atrium. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a heterogeneous mass extending into the left atrium via the right inferior pulmonary vein. Needle biopsy diagnosed primary pulmonary PNET. Combination chemotherapy, monitored by echocardiography, reduced the tumor size, followed by surgical resection. Five years post-diagnosis, there was no recurrence.