Analyzing the Impact of Deconstructivist and Biophilic Design on Spatial Risk Perception, Place Attachment, and Investment Behavior in Iranian Urban Cultural Spaces: A Human-Centered Approach Based on Environmental Psychology and Behavioral Economics

This study investigates how two contrasting architectural paradigms—deconstructivist and biophilic design—shape spatial risk perception, place attachment, and investment behavior in Iranian urban cultural spaces. Using a human-centered framework grounded in environmental psychology and behavioral economics, data were collected from 312 participants across five major cities, including citizens, architects, and cultural investors. Statistical analyses (Pearson correlation, regression, SEM) revealed that deconstructivist design heightened perceived spatial risk and weakened emotional attachment, reducing investment intent. In contrast, biophilic design fostered psychological comfort, strengthened place attachment, and positively predicted investment behavior. The findings highlight the performative role of architectural form in shaping psychological security and economic trust, offering actionable insights for culturally responsive urban development.