A systematic review of Industry 5.0 and sustainability in manufacturing: clustering of concepts, characteristics, and technological enablers

Industry 5.0 (I5.0) emerges as a complementary evolution of Industry 4.0 (I4.0), incorporating not only advanced technological integration, but also human centrality, resilience and sustainability as fundamental pillars. Unlike its predecessor, Industry 5.0 places a strong emphasis on aligning industrial performance with social and environmental values, promoting a balance between production efficiency and human well-being. However, the conceptualization of Industry 5.0 in manufacturing remains fragmented, particularly with regard to its implications for sustainability and the identification of its enabling technologies. Therefore, this study aims to identify, classify and group the central concepts, distinctive characteristics and enabling technologies linked to Industry 5.0 and sustainability in the manufacturing sector. To achieve this, a systematic literature review (SLR) was applied that allowed the key theoretical elements to be extracted, compared and organized, establishing a solid basis for understanding how emerging paradigms are redefining industrial sustainability goals. The study also provides practical and managerial guidance that enables stakeholders (companies, policymakers and academics) to navigate the transition to Industry 5.0 in a manner consistent with the principles of sustainable development.